UNIT 1: OUR HEALTH

UNIT 1: OUR HEALTH.

1.      LIVING THINGS

 1.1.-  Health and illness.

 Our bodies ussually work perfectly. We feel well and we are happy. This means we are healthy or we are in good health.

 

But sometimes our bodies do not work as well. For example, we cough, we sneeze , we feel dizzy or we have a temperature.

This means we are ill or we have an illness.

-          Health is a state of complete physival, mental and social well-being.

-          Illness is the oppossite of health. An illness or dissease changes the functions of our bodies. (Symptons like coughing or pain, tell us that our bodies are ill).

1.2.- Healthy habits

To stay healthy , we must keep healthy habits, like:

-          A balanced diet . It must give us everything we need in the correct quantities.In this way we can avoid obesity and illnesses caused by the lack of certain nutrients.

-          Keeping a meal routine: Eat five meals a day and never skip breakfast.

-          Good hygiene: Wash our hands before eating and touching food. Brush our teeth and take a shower every day.

-          Enough rest:Sleep at least nine hours a day and even more if we do exercise or play .

-          Physical exercise:Physical activity helps prevent obesity. It also makes our locomotor system more flexible and it helps us to avoid injuries.

-          Breathing clean air: Do not stay too long indoors with smoke and many people

1.3.- Types of illness

We can classify illnesses (or diseases)  into two groups:

a)      Infectious illnesses: Virus, microbes and harmful bacteria cause them. These microbes enter our bodies in different ways: through wounds, through the air and through the mouth. Infectious illnesses     can be:

-          Contagious :an ill person can transmit to a healthy one. For example: the flu. It  is caused by a virus.

-          Non contagious: an ill person cannot transmit to another person. For example: tetanus and salmonelosis. They are caused by bacteria.

b)      Non –infectious illnesses: they have other causes. For example: broken bones, injuries, an imbalanced diet (obesity), poisoning.

 Difficult words:

-          Dizzy         - Coughs          - Sneezes         - meals                       - skip   - indoors

-          wounds

                     ACTIVITIES:

1.- Classify the following illnesses:

a) cold       b) broken bone           c) obesity        d) flu   e) tetanus   f)salmonellosis 

 

2.- Are you healthy? Explain it.

 

2.- PREVENTING AND TREATING INFECTIOUS DISEASES.

Preventing illnesses means taking precautions to reduce the chance of sufferinf from an illness.

Microorganisms enter our bodies in different ways: through wounds, through the respiratory systems and through digestive system.

Preventing infections.

We can prevent them if we have good habits of hygiene.

-          Desinfect wounds to prevent microorganisms entering your blood.

-          Wash your hand before eating or handing food and wash any food you eat raw.

-          Avoiding sharing drinking and eating utensils.

-          Avoiding walking barefoot in swimmingpools and changing rooms.

 

Vaccines

A vaccines is when a doctor introduces a phatogenic microorganism in your  organism that causes a disease into a healthy body. This microorganism can be dead or inactive.

The body reacts to this foreign organism by producing substances that avoid infections if the virus returns to the body again.

Some vaccines need injections and others you can drink.

Treatment of infections:

There are different treatments depending on the pathogens:

-          Infections caused by bacteria: they are treated with antibiotic.

-          Infections caused by fungi: they are treated with antifungal medicines that remove them.

-          Infections caused by viruses. We can only treat them with medications that help to reduce symptons. We can prevent them with vaccines.

Activities

1.- Name the three ways pathogenics microoganism can enter the body.

2.- What is a vaccine and haw does it work?

3.- How do we treat a disease caused by a bacteria? And by a virus? 

 

DIfficult words:

-          Handing    - raw   -barefoot