UNIT 7: MACHINES

UNIT 7: MACHINES

2.- Simple machines

Simple machines have few parts. They are very easy to use but there are many types of simple machines, they are only variations of the three more important ones: inclined planes, levers and pulleys.

2.1.-INCLINED PLANES

It is a ramp that let us raise and lower objects. It has three main parts:

- Lenght: It is the distance from the beginning to the end of the ramp.

- Height. It is the distance from the tallest part of the ramp to the ground

- Angle: It is the shape the ramp makes against the ground.

2.2.- LEVERS

It is a rigid bar that let us to exert (aplicar) force on a point of support and lift objects. Levers have got three parts:

-        Point of support (fulcrum) : it is where we place the rigid bar acting as a lever.

-        Force: the effort that we exert on the lever.

-        Resistance (load): It is the force made by the object we want to move.

Depending on when these parts are, levers can be first class, second class or third class.

2.3.- PULLEYS

A pulley is a wheel that turns on an axis with a rope that goes around a groove. We use it to raise and lower objects. Pulleys have three main parts

-        Axle. It is the centre part of a pulley. It has a hole that is the axis of the pulley when it turns.

-        Channel. It is the groove the groove the rope is in.

-        Hub. It is the main body of the wheel that joins the axle and groove.

Actvities Unit 7:     Simple Machines

1.- Complete the sentences.

_______________ , _________________ and _____________________________  are the most common simple machines.

2.-  Which parts can you find in a lever?

________________________________________________________ .

3.- Complete these sentences using the following words

            raise                high                bar               move               support

-          A lever is a rigid _________  that moves at a point of _______________.

-          An inclined plane lets you ______________ heavy things up to ___________ places.

-          A pulley lets you  _______________ objects easily.

4.-  Draw an inclined plane  and label its parts.

5.- Draw the three types of  lever and label their parts

6.-  Draw a pulley in your notebook and label the parts

UNIT 6: MATTER

  UNIT 6: MATTER

 

1.3 STATES OF MATTER

Matter has three different states: solid, liquid and gas.

-         Solids. They have a fixed volume and a fixed shape. In some cases we can change the shape of certain solid, for example a block of clay or plasticine.

-         Liquids. They have a fixed volume but they can change shape depending on the container they are in.

-         Gasses. They can change shape and volume. For example we can reduce the volume of gas if we compress it.

     2. MATTER CHANGES

2.1. TYPES OF CHANGES IN MATTER

Matter changes constantly and does not always stay the same. There are two types of changes:

-         Physical changes. This is when the composition of matter does not change. The size, shape, temperature can be different.

-         Chemical changes. This is when matter changes and creates a new substance.

2.2. PHYSICAL CHANGES

 There are two types:

-         Irreversible. This is when matter cannot go back to its original state. It   is permanent. For example:

When you cook an egg, The egg changes.

When you burn a piece of wood, you get ash.

-         Reversible. This is when matter can go back to its original state. It is not permanent. For example:

When you heat chocolate, it melts. When it cools, you get solid chocolate again.

When you mix salt and water, if you evaporate the water,   you can separate the salt and water.

VOCABULARY

To go back: volver

To burn: quemar

Wood: madera

Ash: ceniza

To heat:calentar

To melt: derretir

To cool: enfriar

To mix: mezclar

2.3. CHANGES OF STATE

The main changes of state are fusion, evaporation, condensation and solidification.

-         Fusion/Melting.  This is when a solid becomes a liquid.

-         Evaporation. This is when a liquid becomes a gas.

-         Condensation: This is when a gas becomes a liquid.

-         Solidification: This is when a liquid becomes a solid.

ACTIVITIES

1.-  How many types of changes do you know?

_______________________________________________________________ .

2.-  Complete the sentences.

- Evaporation is the change from ___________  to  ___________  state.

- Fusion is the change  from ___________ to ________________    state.

- Condensation is the change from ___________ to ___________ state.

- Solidification is the change from _____________ to __________ state.

 

3.- Name the changes of state and explain what they are.

FEBRUARY SONG: OPEN UP by LAURIE ANDERSON

UNIT 12: TRADITIONS

4.- Traditions

The traditions of a locality, commnunity or a country are the customs (costumbres) they have kept over the years (que se realizan año tras año).
These traditions can be:
- Festivals.
- Cuisine and craftwork.
- Music and dances.

4.1. Festivals (Fiestas).

Festivals are celebrated every year and they are part of their traditions.

- Autonomous Community Day: In Andalucía it is the 28th of February.
- Religious Festivals like Easter, Christmas, The Virgin of Rocio, etc.
- Carnival where people dress in costumes. Carnival in Cádiz is very famous.

4.2. Cuisine and craftwork (Gastronomía y artesanía).

- Cuisine.
The traditional foods of a place.
*Sweets like churros.
*Traditional dishes like paella, gazpacho, Spanish omelette, etc.

- Craftwork.
Products handmade by artisan.
*Pottery (cerámica).
*Goldsmithing (orfebreria) using gold and silver.
* Textil craftwork.

4.3. Music and dances

People often wear regional costumes (trajes regionales).
In Andalucia the most important musical and dance tradition is the Sevillana.

ACTIVITIES UNIT 12

1.- Copy and fill in the gaps for your autonomous community (Andalucia) .

Festivals       Music and dance              Cuisine                            Craftwork

_______         _____________                  ________                       __________
  

2.- Copy and match in your notebook.

festival *                                   *a leather (cuero) bag
 
dance and music*                    * gazpacho

cuisine*                                     *Christmas

craftwork*                               * flamenco

3.- Read and correct the sentences in your notebook.

- Autonomous Community Day is a religious festival.
_______________________________________________________.

- Gazpacho is a typical dish of Galicia.
________________________________________________________.

- Pottery is a traditinal dance.
________________________________________________________.

Canciones Día de la Paz

 

 

 

Instrucciones básicas antes de grabar el experimento en vídeo.

Cada grupo debe realizar un vídeo de un máximo de 2 minutos de duración donde se describan de manera oral y muy abreviada los materiales, los pasos que se van a seguir y resultado final del experimento. El vídeo será realizado con la participación de todos los miembros del grupo.

Es muy importante tener en cuenta los siguientes aspectos:

• No sobrepasar el tiempo asignado. 
• Ajustarse a los formatos mpg o mp4.
• Evitar colores muy chillones
• Probar el vídeo con antelación suficiente a la entrega
• Hablar de manera clara y con tono alto. 
• Durante la exposición mirar a la cámara y no al suelo.
• Ensayar la presentación antes de la realización del vídeo.

La fecha límite de entrega del vídeo será el 7 de febrero.

Song of January

¡¡Hola!! Aquí tenemos la canción del mes de Enero.

Se llama "Boogie wonderland" y es del mítico grupo "Earth, Wind and Fire".